In this lecture on "How Does the Internet Actually Work?", we will explore the fundamental principles and technologies that power the global network we rely on every day. The lecture will break down the Internet’s architecture, explaining key components such as servers, routers, and data packets, and how they interact to facilitate communication. You will learn about the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol (IP), and how they work together to ensure data is properly routed and delivered across vast distances. We will also discuss domain names, IP addresses, and the role of DNS (Domain Name System) in translating human-readable addresses into machine-readable ones. Additionally, the lecture will introduce concepts like HTTP, HTTPS, and how web browsers request and display content. By the end of this lecture, you will have a clear understanding of the complex processes that allow devices to connect, communicate, and share information over the Internet, providing a foundation for understanding more advanced networking topics.

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the standard language used to create and structure content on the web. It forms the backbone of web pages, providing the structure and layout for text, images, links, forms, and other multimedia elements. HTML consists of a series of elements or "tags" that define how content is organized on a page. Each element typically includes an opening tag, the content it applies to, and a closing tag. For example, the <h1> tag is used to define a top-level heading, while the <p> tag is used for paragraphs of text.